Wikipedia:Help for Non-Japanese Speakers

This is a page for non-Japanese speakers to discuss anything related to the Japanese Wikipedia.

You can also request assistance for your works on the Japanese Wikipedia.

Before you post your comment or question . . .


  1. Please check the Frequently Asked Questions and the archive of past discussions.
  2. Messages can be given in any languages including Japanese, although relatively few contributors to Japanese Wikipedia are fluent in languages other than Japanese and English.
  3. Brief and precise messages are encouraged.
  4. Please do not copy and paste text, even from other Wikimedia projects. Place a link to the text instead.
  5. Please do not post any personal information, such as your email address.
  6. The following pages may also be helpful:
  7. You can post username change and usurpation requests at Special:GlobalRenameRequest.
  8. For translation requests, please provide the link to the article you want to translate, article name in Japanese, a summary of the article, and your reason for the request.
  9. When the discussion of a section has ended, please feel free to add {{Section resolved|1=~~~~}} to the section. A bot will automatically archive the section after 7 days. If you would like to add a reply to a resolved section, please feel free to remove the section resolved template.
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錯誤重定向

各位日本語維基百科編者大家好。在下發現在日本語維基存在“燕遼官話”“燕語”“膠莱官話”“莱語”“斉語”“魯語”等重定向，而這些名稱不見于中國期刊和學術書籍，應該是少數人臆造胡謅出來的名稱，具有誤導性，希望有心人能夠刪除。在下不熟悉日語、亦不瞭解日本語維基百科提請刪除重定向頁面的程序，在此希望獲得各位帮助。感謝，謹祝編安。Ngguls（会話） 2019年10月30日 (水) 12:32 (UTC)

  • 関連してWikipedia:削除依頼/燕語、Wikipedia:削除依頼/斉語、Wikipedia:削除依頼/魯語、及びWikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/2019年3月#RFD燕遼官話、Wikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/2019年3月#RFD燕語、Wikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/2019年3月#RFD膠莱官話、Wikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/2019年3月#RFD莱語、Wikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/2019年3月#RFD斉語、Wikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/2019年3月#RFD魯語が過去に存在します。加えてWikipedia:リダイレクトの削除依頼/受付#2019年11月6日 - 10日新規依頼に出されています。--そらたこ（会話） 2019年11月14日 (木) 16:20 (UTC)
  • 燕遼官話、莱語を除き他4件は削除となりました。この二件についてはリダイレクトでない版がらあるためリダイレクトの削除依頼では存続となりました。--そらたこ（会話） 2019年12月18日 (水) 19:13 (UTC)
  • @Nggulsさん: For your information - I raised an RfD at Wikipedia:削除依頼/燕遼官話、莱語、青莱片.--ネイ（会話） 2020年3月10日 (火) 04:52 (UTC)
    • @

      Is there an Japanese Wikipedia equivalent to English Wikipedia's en:WP:THUMBSIZE or en:WP:IBI page? On English Wikipedia it's pretty much common practice not to use the thumbnail syntax for infobox images because the most infobox templates and the Wikipedia software will automatically format the size of the infobox image based upon the device the reader is using. In addition, it also makes it easier for screen reader to "read" to infobox image's caption when the caption parameter is used because a thumbnail image typically requires an "alt_text" parameter be provided for thumbnail images whereas the infobox caption parameter doesn't and can be read by screen readers. Maybe the software and templates used for Japanese Wikipedia work differently, however, based upon this post here. Anyway, just curious for my own benefit. -- Marchjuly（会話） 2019年11月19日 (火) 14:27 (UTC)

      secondary independent sources

      @WhisperToMe: Hey I have been told to have secondary independent sources for my article "Water and Land Niigata Art Festival". Could you please help me find sources written in Japanese to improve notability? Thank you. en:Water and Land Niigata Art Festival MalloMallo（会話） 2019年11月23日 (土) 10:00 (UTC)

      @MalloMallo: I got good news for you! I found a scholarly English language source about the festival!
      If you want access, ask en:Wikipedia:RX
      Having said that, I think it's still good to find some scholarly Japanese sources too.

      Hello, Last week was a Holodomor ホロドモール commemoration week. I am currently looking for people who could be willing to translate into Japanese articles about people who spread information about the famine in 1933, e.g. en:Alexander Wienerberger, en:Gareth Jones (journalist) or en:Ewald Ammende? P.S. I am not active on the Japanese Wikipedia, unfortunately, but I created quite a lot of articles in the Russian, Ukrainian, English and German versions. If you can help, I will be glad to do something in return. Thank you. --Dmitri Lytov（会話） 2019年12月1日 (日) 16:45 (UTC)

      above comment was minor fixed by me片割れ靴下（会話） 2020年1月13日 (月) 12:46 (UTC)
      上記コメントは私によって些細な修正がされました。片割れ靴下（会話） 2020年1月13日 (月) 12:46 (UTC)
      Hello Dmitri Lytov! I think en:Alexander Wienerberger and en:Ewald Ammende are insufficient of citation, so it hard for Japanese Wikipedia to be accepted. I am ready for translation for en:Gareth Jones (journalist). I have a question about pronunciation of his name. Is IPA notation of his name /vɔːn/, or not?片割れ靴下（会話） 2020年1月13日 (月) 12:46 (UTC)
      I translated

      Hello. Regarding the Japanese article for Project Sakura Wars (新サクラ大戦), some spoilers to the game were added (especially with regards to the villain's true identity). While I'm not involved in the recent situation, it was recently reverted as per the notification from Sega, which was repeatedly re-added; I suspect that this might go against the relevant spoiler guidelines (Wikipedia:ネタバレ). Can you help? Thanks, Sjones23（会話） 2019年12月15日 (日) 17:27 (UTC)

      It is being discussed at

      こんにちは, I will be very thankful if someone help me in translating an English wikipedia article Raghunath Murmu, need translation help for en:Raghunath Murmu, Thanks. Rocky 734（会話） 2020年1月19日 (日) 03:07 (UTC)

      • @

        hello there, I'm a new member here and I can't speak Japanese because my second spoken language is English, could you welcome me with open arms?

        --PutriAmalia1991（会話） 2020年1月28日 (火) 04:42 (UTC)

        Of course! / 当然です！

        Dear editors, can someone please expand and improve an article on ラトコ・ヤネフ Ratko Janev (Ратко Јанев), most distinguished Macedonian Academician here on Japanese Wikipedia. Academician prof. dr. Ratko Janev was a distinguished member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In the period 1972 – 1987 he was a principal research fellow at the Institute of Physics, Belgrade where he made significant scientific breakthroughs in multiple fields of atomic physics and left lasting scientific legacy. Born in 1939, in Sandanski in Bulgaria, he finished a gymnasium in Skoplje in Republic of Macedonia, and received his BSc in physics in Belgrade, where he also earned his PhD and continued his research career – in addition to the Institute of Physics, he also worked at Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences and at what was then the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics. Academician Janev was a leader in numerous researches and greatly contributed to the development of domestic atomic physics, leaving behind more than 600 scientific works, as well as numerous books and monographs. He was a member of various foreign academies, he also taught at Princeton, Oak Ridge and Brussels, and throughout his career he managed one of research programmes of controlled thermonuclear fusion at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In 2004 he received the Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the project "Modelling and Diagnostics of Fusion Edge/divertor plasma" on the understanding of cold boundary layer plasmas in nuclear fusion reactors, performed in collaboration with the Juelich Research Centre in Germany.31.14.73.77 2020年2月3日 (月) 16:39 (UTC)

        Change

        Per phab:T244595, the text is too long and bad for design. Any interface admin should revert this. Thank you. –Aνδρέας talk | contributions 2020年2月7日 (金) 23:51 (UTC)

        チェック See Wikipedia:井戸端/subj/ウィキペディア日本語版の投稿ボタンは長すぎる--青子守歌（会話/履歴） 2020年2月8日 (土) 17:54 (UTC)


        Matcha vs. Matcha

        Hello ja Wikipedians!
        My question is if there is any name difference in Japan between the ground tea leaves and the beverage you make from said powder. When I search for "Matcha" on Google, the powder and the beverage comes up alike. The article on en.wikipedia however only talks about " finely ground powder". Since where I live people use it for both I wonder if there a special name for the hot tea or is Matcha also both in Japan? Thanks for your help! --D-Kuru（会話） 2020年2月9日 (日) 17:04 (UTC)

        Hi, @
        What exactly is changing.png

        日本語版のウィキぺディアの利用者の皆様、ウィキメディア財団（Wikimedia Foundation)　が自分の名前を変更する予定があると知っていましたか？未来の名前はまだ未定ですけど、財団が「ウィキぺディア」（Wikipedia)を使って名前を変更する強い傾向があります。財団の未来名前は「ウィキぺディア財団」（Wikipedia Foundation）など可能性が高い。グロバルコミュニディがメタウィキでRfCを開いました: m:Requests for comment/Should the Foundation call itself Wikipedia。今まで人々のほとんど（＞９０％）がその計画について反対する。もしよろければ自分の考え、意見そこに書いておいてください。僕は僕の日本語能力に自信が何とかありません。だからもしこの文章は日本語がひどすぎて読めないなら英語の文書も書いておいてしました。--Tufor（会話） 2020年2月22日 (土) 23:41 (UTC)

        Dear Japanese Wikipedia Community! Did you know that Wikimedia Foundation has a plan of changing its' name? Foundation's future name is still undecided, but they really want to have "Wikipedia" in it. So there is huge possibility that the Foundation will change its' name to "Wikipedia Foundation" or something similar. Global community started this RfC on metawiki: m:Requests for comment/Should the Foundation call itself Wikipedia. As of now, more than 90% of people out of nearly 400 who commented there are against this plan. If you want to leave your comments there, please feel free to do so (even in Japanese, if you want I might try to translate it to the best of my abilities). Sorry for my bad Japanese, I hope the text above isn't completely incomprehensible ;-) Please share with your community. Cheers, Tufor（会話） 2020年2月22日 (土) 23:41 (UTC)

        Getting Japanese-language sources for the Concrete High School girl case and the manga 17-sai

        Re: the article on the Concrete High School Girl Case (a 1988 kidnapping resulting in death of the victim in 1989) and the manga en:17-sai. (17歳。) (cf: not en:17 Years for Saori Minami’s song), I'm looking to see if there is a Japanese source that definitively states that 17 Years was influenced by the concrete case.

        Also the English version of the concrete case does not use the best sources (some personal blogs at times) because there is a lack of reliable sources in English. The Anglophone media seems to have not covered the case that much in the late 1980s/early 1990s, though there are more recent articles from The Japan Times.

        Thanks, WhisperToMe（会話） 2020年3月23日 (月) 20:56 (UTC)

        返信 (WhisperToMe宛) , hi, allow me to fix your link pointing to manga (ja:17歳。), not Saori’s song. While the jawp article (&oldid=75091546 dated T10:54:38; 22 November 2019 (UTC9 by （ジョニー雷電）) lacks reliable sources, it states that the manga has no direct link to the juvenile crime case itself but modeled after it for manga’s plot motif, no citation given: since I am not quite familiar with manga of this genre, can you please share why you think the homicide case and manga story is closely related? That would help me expand the range of biblio database I would look into. FYI, I quote from jawp article as:
        • “（...「女子高生コンクリート詰め殺人事件」をプロットのモチーフとしているが、同事件を取り上げたものではなく接点は無い。...）” unquote.
        The other thing I am not quite sure is, as you are fully aware, manga in Japan is to some degree “edited” or retouched when reformatted into Single title（単行本Tankobon）. Let me indicate that jawp article states that “17-sai.” was published as a serial in a magazine, and it had a special column associated to it and an invited guest commentator exchanged ideas with the plot writer Seiji Fujii on recreating the psychology in manga against the real crime. What bothers me is inside the parentheses, and it reads to me that conversation was dropped from the Tankobon context and not published in a fixed form. Does it indicate anything to you?
        • quote “（...連載時は著名人と原作者による劇中の心理感と現実の少年犯罪についての対談コラムが掲載されていた（単行本では再編集されたうえで掲載）。...）” unquote.
        The jawp article has a commercial film about the homicide case under “see also” section, which makes me get puzzled a bit, but you might have better idea how crime-manga-film correlated to each other in this case..
        I will try anyway some biblio data search, and maybe you have any particular field you wish to cover with citation? --Omotecho（会話） 2020年4月17日 (金) 22:40 (UTC)
        @Omotecho: Thanks for the feedback! One can tell that inspiration came from the concrete girl case because various details of the concrete girl case and 17-sai together (the victim being attacked by one person and then being given a fake offer of assistance from another person so she can be kidnapped, the forced phone call to the parents, the unwillingness of other people to help the girl).
        As for the guest commentator, I read an unofficial scanlation of the 17-sai. manga but did not see this conversation, so it is possible that one may have to buy a copy of the original magazine to see it. I'm hoping Japanese libraries store copies of the magazines.
        As for the information I would like to have, generally the aspects covered in secondary sources, such as why the series was created, what the author hoped to portray, and also opinions from critics of literary works.
        WhisperToMe（会話） 2020年4月24日 (金) 19:33 (UTC)
        返信 (WhisperToMe宛) , too bad libraries has been closed since mid-March in my town, and I have to admit and retire from this conversation before library reopens. Tried on the web if “17-sai.” has copyright friendly digitized version, but not avail. We need a hardcopy to confirm to cite what you wish to write, no? Or I am not 100% sure without any source if the creator of “17-sai.” totally denies that his imagination was influenced by a criminal case or not, just suggested what I read on jawp is suggesting another view, but that mention also lacks citation to which issue of the manga magazine. Maybe you have an access to database behind paywall, and look up the metadata which issue has that interview ?
        I have tried two bilingual biblio database, National Diet Library and CiNii. For NDL, couldn’t find the manga magazine we discuss here. For CiNii, database of database for university libraries: writings on/related to “17-sai.” by academics zero hit. CiNii do source historical manga magazines, but not that magazine we discuss here. I have not tried website for Tachikawa City Manga Library（立川漫画図書館Tachikawa Manga Toshokan） since they mostly collects tankobon.
        Off topic: when you feel unfair that global manga readers don’t have access to some bonus contents, think this way: the book publishing system in Japan has a unique law for paper media, a saihan-ho（再販法）, that was designed to support publishers’ monetary flow, which gave reasons to reuse manga contents as tankobon to make more money, when creators’ copyright had been limited toward putting their works on manga magazines and that was all. Maybe it was Tezuka Osamu who willingly agreed to publish tankobon for his stories without commission (payment), but no source at hand here again. Cheers, and please keep safe, --Omotecho（会話） 2020年4月25日 (土) 16:15 (UTC)
        Thank you so much! I'm happy to wait until the libraries reopen. My family and I in the United States have been healthy and safe, and my friends have been healthy and safe too.

        Can anyone take some photos that show the streets in Tokyo and Osaka looks quiet and like a ghost town? see the photo for reference and upload it into commons, Thank You!--Wpcpey（会話） 2020年4月14日 (火) 12:49 (UTC)

          • For the foreign people, they have the right to through the picture to understand the situation under COVID-19 in Japan and these photos are rare to see. I don't know why some people oppose my request and it is inappropriate to provide ghost town photos. I think it is non-sense.--Wpcpey（会話） 2020年4月17日 (金) 14:36 (UTC)
            • @

              This is to let someone else or anyone know on ブラッドラッド or on "Blood Lad". I noticed that there was a link rot and I added a link from the web archive to the tv show's (anime web-site.) Then is there a category that lets someone else know about the WP:DEADREF. I don't remember if there is or not. Tainted-wingsz（会話） 2020年5月8日 (金) 15:41 (UTC)

              @Tainted-wingsz: I may not understand what you are saying correctly, but you are talking about a category that groups together the articles with dead external links, right? If so, please check Category:外部リンクがリンク切れになっている記事.--stck_w (Talk/Edits) 2020年5月8日 (金) 16:48 (UTC)
              Ah, sorry I have that bad habit of mine where I have trouble with writing. When my air conditioning wasn't working. I then noticed about the same dead external link on the Spanish wiki, where I fixed the same problem. Tainted-wingsz（会話） 2020年5月8日 (金) 17:09 (UTC)
              Sorry again, on the same category about the dead external links, what do I do if the link or url wasn't dead but the link was redirected to a new one. Is it o.k. to tell about that on the edit summary. Which I did on ウルヴァリン: X-MEN ZERO. Tainted-wingsz（会話） 2020年5月18日 (月) 16:31 (UTC)
              Disregard about this on

              Hi. Can you please remove the info he was a banker? There is a confusion with another André Wormser (1879-1961), who was banker. Thanks! Zetud（会話） 2020年5月23日 (土) 13:35 (UTC)

              fixed it. --

              はじめまして。私はこちらから戻す機能ユーザーとして活動しているblack swanです。ここでは質問ができますか。まだ日本語を習ってるところなので未熟ですが、ご返事お願いします。흑조（会話） 2020年6月2日 (火) 10:07 (UTC)

              + また、SUGA文書に"D-2の歌のうち、'what do you think'の導入部にジム·ジョーンズの演説内容を入れて議論になった。という内容も追加してください。 흑조（会話） 2020年6月2日 (火) 10:16 (UTC)
              @흑조さん 初めまして。1つ目の質問にお返事。ここでは質問はできますが、「Brief and precise messages are encouraged.」と書いてあるように簡潔で正確なメッセージで質問をお願いします。日本語ならWikipedia:井戸端やWikipedia:調べもの案内、Wikipedia:利用案内など、使用の目的によって質問するページがたくさんあります。
              (韓国語/Google翻訳) 첫 번째 질문에 대한 답변. 여기에서 질문은 할 수 있지만 "Brief and precise messages are encouraged."라고 써있는대로 간결하고 정확한 메시지로 질문을 부탁드립니다. 일본어라면
              1. Where can I request rollbackers?
              2. I already requested the registration of the bot, when will it be ready?

              thank you. (I'm from Korea, so I can speak, read, write Korean.) — Gomdoli4696 (토론) 2020年6月5日 (金) 06:49 (UTC)

              @Gomdoli4696: Wikipedia:権限申請/巻き戻し者에서 신청 하실 수 있습니다. -- 흑조（会話） 2020年6月7日 (日) 09:06 (UTC)
              @

              Hi! I do not speak Japanese so I have to use Google Translate.

              I asked about files and Commons here: Wikipedia‐ノート:Wikimedia_Commonsに画像をアップしよう#Moving_files_to_Commons.

              It was suggested, that I also asked here where there is a better chance to hear from English speaking users.

              I had 2 questions:

              1. Is there any reason why files are not deleted when they have been moved to Commons?
              2. Is there any organized project to move files to Commons?

              If files are moved to Commons they can be used on other wikis too. And if the local files are deleted it is easier to locate the files, that have not been moved yet.

              Japanese Wikipedia have a lot of files so I have no chance to check or move them all alone. Especially because I do not speak Japanese and have to work really slow. So I hoped to find local users to work with. --MGA73（会話） 2020年6月6日 (土) 18:10 (UTC)

              Korean version of airline accident report from Japanese government agency?

              I notice page 44 (PDF p. 25) of this page on the MLIT website states "Distribution of Korean version of HL7762 HIJ accident investigation report to flight crew"

              Where is this Korean version of the report located, and how do I obtain it? I only see English and Japanese listed on the English MLIT accident report list page.

              It would be good for the Korean Wikipedia article ko:아시아나항공 162편 착륙 사고 WhisperToMe（会話） 2020年6月9日 (火) 20:16 (UTC)

              Need translation help

              こんにちは, I will be very thankful if someone help me in translating an English wikipedia article which is on Basen Murmu, a Santali community singer who recently died. He was a very young favourite singer of Santali Community. We need translation help for en:Basen Murmu, Thanks. Rocky 734（会話） 2020年6月14日 (日) 08:46 (UTC)

              This file is unused and replaced by other versions on Commons. So I think it could be deleted. On most wikis I can add {{delete}} (and add a reason) to suggest a deletion but I was told that I can't do that on Japaneese Wikipedia. So how do I start a deletion request so community can decide if they want to keep this file or not? --MGA73（会話） 2020年6月24日 (水) 16:13 (UTC)

              {{即時削除}}is a template like {{delete}} in English Wikipedia.
              1. If the file is copied from Wikimedia Commons, please use {{即時削除|ファイル1-2|<!--the file name in Wikimedia Commons-->}}.
              2. If the file is from other projects that meet all of the following conditions, please use {{即時削除|ファイル1-3|<!--the file name in Wikimedia Commons-->}}:
                • The Wikimedia Commons file description page correctly posts the project as the source.
                • All the original files, Wikimedia Commons files, and Japanese files are unchanged.
              3. If the file is posted to Wikimedia Commons by the same contributor in Japanese Wikipedia, please use {{即時削除|ファイル1-4|<!--the file name in Wikimedia Commons-->}}.
              4. If the file has moved to Commons, please use {{即時削除|ファイル1-5|<!--the file name in Wikimedia Commons-->}}.
              See WP:CSD#F for more details.——BlackShadowG（会話） 2020年6月26日 (金) 03:53 (UTC)
              Thank you BlackShadowG. The problem is that it is not 100 % the same file as on Commons. It is a file that illustrate the same. So in that case what do you suggest? {{即時削除}}? --MGA73（会話） 2020年6月26日 (金) 08:41 (UTC)

              You all should be aware that Jim Watkins still owns 5channel. (2ちゃんねる)

              I discovered this while working on the article over at enwiki. So, your infobox is incorrect.

              Here are sources:

              On 1 October 2017, 2ch.net began redirecting to 5ch.net, a domain owned by Loki Technology, Inc.[1] The chairman of Loki Technology Inc. is also Jim Watkins;[2] his wife, Liziel, is the treasurer and majority shareholder.[3] Ron Watkins, his son, in 2016 registered the trademark "5channel" in Japan.[4] According to a press release, the name was changed to 5channel to avoid potential legal issues due to Nishimura's ownership of the "2channel" trademark.[5]

              脚注
              1. ^ Ishizuka, Fumito (2017年10月2日). “「5ちゃんねる」に名称変更 ネット掲示板、権利紛争か” [Following a dispute over rights to bulletin board, name changes to "5channel"] (日本語). Nihon Keizai Shimbun. 2020年5月21日閲覧。
              2. ^ Office of the Solicitor General vs. James Arthur Watkins, in re: Petition for Naturalization, R-PSG-18-03091-SP, Petition by James Arthur Watkins (Pasig City Regional Trial Court Branch 166) (“[James Arthur Watkins] married Liziel O. Watkins ("Liziel"), of legal age and a Filipina, on 20 November 2001. [...] He is currently the Chairman of Race Queen Inc., Emerald Pedistal Properties Inc., and Loki Technology Incorporated.”). Text—via The Manila Times.
              3. ^ Harwell, Drew (2019年9月12日). “From helicopter repairman to leader of the Internet’s ‘darkest reaches’: The life and times of 8chan owner Jim Watkins” (英語). Washington Post. 2020年5月21日閲覧。
              4. ^ Kurihara, Kiyoshi (2017年10月10日). “２ちゃんねる名称変更事件に関する知財関係状況整理（栗原潔）” [Sorting out the intellectual property situation which has led to the 2channel name change incident] (日本語). Yahoo! News Japan. 2020年5月21日閲覧。
              5. ^ “５ちゃんねる掲示板へようこそ” (2017年10月6日). 2017年10月6日閲覧。 “権利関係に関する無用な紛争を生じさせず「・・・」掲示板の名称を新たに「5ちゃんねる」へと変更しました。[The name of the textboard has been changed to 5channel to help avoid future unnecessary disputes regarding our rights to operate it.]”

              I think it should be added to the article here. ( `•人•́ ) Psiĥedelisto（会話） 2020年6月25日 (木) 03:05 (UTC)

              Global spammer

              I am an administrator and checkuser of Wikipedia Lusophone (Portuguese language) and I noticed the existence of a group of accounts that create promotional articles about companies, applications, biographies, etc. These pages have references and are well structured; however, most sources are promotional (paid content) or primary.

              Well, many are being eliminated in English, Portuguese and Spanish; their versions were identical (the same sources). Therefore, I request that you review the following pages or at least help me in bringing the case to the attention of the community; some pages were created more than five years ago.

              利用者:Keke1970（会話 / 投稿記録）: レジストラー・コープ, PMインターナショナル, SnatchBot, ATFX and チェーザレ・カターニア.

              As I am not aware of the language and policies of the Japanese wiki, I request that editors analyze the pages and take appropriate action. In Wikipedia in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese the pages maintain (or did) the same structure with identical sources; suboptimal writing. Mostly, created by new accounts for a short period of time, with few edits and using sketches (sandbox) to later move to the main domain. Conde Edmond Dantès（会話） 2020年7月12日 (日) 02:36 (UTC)